According to the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, about 34 million people are injured or killed each year due to product-related accidents, making this the leading cause of death for people between the ages of 1 and 36. But Chevy and Cole eschewed such convention for daring innovation. Dec 29, 2019 at 11:17am, | By then, however, General Motors had killed the Corvair and Nader had prevailed in the court of public opinion. They saw Nader's book as a hateful screed that used misinformation and fear to advance a warped personal agenda: Nader had assassinated the Corvair to draw attention to himself and jump start his budding political career. It also deals with the use of tires and tire pressure being based on comfort rather than on safety, and the automobile industry disregarding technically based criticism. Mar 12, 2019 at 7:23am, | The design of the engine, with its separate cylinder design lent itself to modularity. Nov 9, 2021 at 7:35pm, | GM finally did that in 1964 and switched to independent rear suspension in the 1965 second-generation Corvair. Ralph Nader built his reputation dishonestly as regards the Corvair, in my opinion. WebSafety issues: Heat for passengers came from air that was directly passed over the cylinders of the engine. I took my mom's car for a drive, eager to prove just how wrong Nader had been. All the gossip about this cars dangerous handling characteristics can be dismissed, the magazine reported, prematurely as it turned out. The first normative theory that will be used to determine Chevys actions is Deontology. Many people add the Corvair to this list because of its, NASA Working on System That Will Make Autonomous Aircraft Common in City Skies. Interior panels and instruments were glossy and reflective of Dec 31, 2019 at 12:22pm, | Especially if the pilot up front only has experience on trains and has no idea how to fly planes. Its ironic that it was described by some as prone to rollover since the engine was a flat horizontally opposed aluminum 6 cylinder. My brain went into gear and I let off the gas. I had a 1963 Corvair in New Mexico. Nader maintained that a faulty suspension caused the vehicle to sway and even roll over. The said the engines would not last. absolutely! General Motors could have taken the path of least resistance and built its first small family sedan as a junior-sized version of the Chevrolet Biscayne/Bel-Air/Impala. Input-response type dynamic tests which could provide qualitative data, were selected for this comparative test program. With correct tire pressures, the Corvair, and the VW, handled pretty good. WebBecause there were so many safety issues that arose from this case, the Corvair is an important benchmark in automotive history. NHTSA had conducted a series of comparative tests in 1971 studying the handling of the 1963 Corvair and four contemporary carsa Ford Falcon, Plymouth Valiant, Volkswagen Beetle, and Renault Dauphinealong with a second-generation Corvair (with its completely redesigned, independent rear suspension). Due to this, the "Nader bolt" was installed to reinforce the door and suicide doors were discontinued because of a lack of door strength. Please contact Adobe Support. Oct 18, 2019 at 5:13pm, | He drove the car successfully at ever-faster speeds through a prescribed cone course. Yes, I've found a first-year-of-production Chevrolet Corvair sedan, the innovative Detroit compact with an air-cooled boxer-six engine in the back, in a Denver self-service car graveyard. Predictably, Corvair sales went into freefall, and, in May 1969, after a total production run of a healthy 1.7 million vehicles, General Motors announced the end of production for its rear-engined Corvair. Adobe Systems Incorporated. Debris stuck between fins causes overheating. i personally dont like anything about the camaro except rims options just because my corvair came with the same size bolt pattern(5ON5)FIVE INCH bolt pattern(iroc-z rims fit right on like a glove). the cylinders of the engine. I had 5 college friends who rode with me to the university campus, daily. Gun manufacturers are viewed by many as morally responsible when one party uses their product to harm another. A bit of RESEARCH would reveal that the Corvair was thouroughly investigated by the NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. Hi there, I owned a Chevy Corvair in W Germany (late seventies) and resolved the handling issue by chucking a bag of sand in the boot (trunk) over the front axle. Subtitled "Damn the driver and spare the car," Chapter 7 discusses the way the blame for vehicular crashes and harm was placed on the driver. The Corvair's steering wheel felt strangely light in my hands, as if the front of the car had been filled with helium. The Chevy Corvair is my favorite vehicle. The lack of an anti-sway bar made the car unacceptably unstable. I would like to drive this car. These unregulated requirements were often not filled by the owners of Corvairs. In its maiden road test, Road & Track concluded the Corvair is a sane, sensible, well-designed car of a type weve been asking for for 10 years. Chevrolet sold 337,371 Corvairs in 1961. In its final years, the Corvair was given an improved rear suspension that made it more stable, and GM warned customers that tire pressures had to carefully maintained. However, there was another killer car responsible for injuring many people and unfortunately it went unnoticed until it safety measures were incorporated after 1967. gasket failures, for example. According to Hagerty, the average price of a mid-level Corvair in satisfactory and drivable condition today is $6,600, with later models of the 500 line averaging closer to $9,700 . Steering columns were rigid, panels were not padded, and so on. Heat for passengers came from air that was directly passed over To the industry, he said "Enforcement" and "Education" meant the driver, while "Engineering" was all about the road. Support for the tests, conducted at College Station, Texas was provided by the Texas Transportation Institute (TTl). Jul 3, 2019 at 3:46pm, | But within a few miles, I was questioning my own faith. Instead, the company charted a more radical design course that ultimately proved fatal for the Corvair. Privacy Policy But after the last run he decided, just for fun, to run the course in the reverse direction -- and the car rolled up on its side. Thank you Horse Whisperer, I am a poor man too. But even more flawed was the debate that surrounded it. in back when cold so tires needed to be inflated to a pressure outside Motor Trend named the Corvair its 1960 Car of the Year. Eighty-year-old Lee Egleston can say for sure that the 1963 1962 Chevrolet Corvair that he once owned was the most dangerous car he ever drove. I traded my Corvair for a 1961 Chevy Biscayne equipped with a 283 with a three on a tree and positraction. The Corvair had an 80-horsepower air cooled horizontally opposed six-cylinder aluminum engine positioned where the trunk normally would be. air from engine exhaust heat, decades before the corvair. Another issue with the Corvair occurred after the initial accident. Feb 22, 2020 at 9:10pm, | Testing was completed by July 15, 1971. This tendency, coupled with Detroits emphasis on safety, or lack thereof, made for a deadly combination. Im thinking of buying one. These cars are so damn cute!!!!!! Corvair's early problems included a faulty suspension. Within the fist month or so after I bought the car, it was recalled to totally replace the emergency brake which was a faulty design. Between 1972 and 1988, I owned four Corvairs that ranged (in order of purchase) from 66 Custom, 64 Monza, 66 Monza to finally a 65 Corsa. This division started with the 1965 publication of a book titled I was in high school when my father bought the car for me. Oct 25, 2019 at 9:38am, | Corbin, a General Motors die-maker, has owned 34 Corvairs, three of them now in his garage. In the following years I knew people the that worked EMS and were called to many filliped Corvair and Volkswagan accidents. My inaugural ride in a Corvair came when my mother bought a used one from someone who was moving overseas in the early 1980s. Jan 24, 2022 at 9:06pm, | At 100,000 Hade the heads pulled , the mechanic said it was a waist of time , there was nothing wrong.I could not kill it so after 125,000 I gave the car away. !,,, 2nd generation(65and up) is sexy looking. I had a turbocharges1963 Corvair Spyder convertible. But this will work only if one gear reduction has been made before the curve, to give some torque to rear wheels and, unfortunately, Powerglide has no way to do this. depending on the model. The suspension was modified for 1964 models, with inclusion of a standard front anti-roll bar and a transverse-mounted rear spring. My experience was so unlike many of the comments Ive heard or read over the years that Ive come to wonder if these folks had ever driven one. There were some things that could have been improved like any American car of the period but in general it was a cut above most. This version, considerably more expensive than plain Corvairs, featured a turbocharged engine that produced 150 horsepower. What could a leftist scold like Nader possibly know about the art of driving or the mysteries of engineering? quite popular and reached sales of over 200,000 units for several There are in-depth discussions about the steering assembly, instrument panel, windshield, passenger restraint, and the passenger compartment (which included everything from door strength to roll-over bars). I would imagine this gave it a much lower center of gravity than the inline sixes and v8s typical of American cars of the period. In addition, other manufacturers, such as Chrysler, used a push-button selector to choose gear ranges. one of the first US automaker offerings to compete in this category. I had a 1966 Corvair, automatic, and also worked for a store that had a Corvair Monza, as well as a Corvair vanboth 4 speed standard transmissions. Nader may have had a point when he discussed the Corvairs issues, but he clearly had an agenda that was a disservice to car enthusiasts. Then in 1965 consumer advocate Ralph Nader devoted an entire chapter to one of Corvair's glaring weaknesses, i.e. The engine had been meticulously balanced and had a 4-barrel carburator. A redesign for the 1965 model eliminated the tuck-under crash tendency. In 1962, an even more robust Monza Spyder was introduced. It was designed to compete against the small cars that were taking a considerable amount of the American market near the end of the 1950s. He's most interested in muscle cars and American trucks, but he takes a passing interest in quirky kei cars as well. By 1964, these aftermarket repairs were no longer necessary; Chevrolet implemented safer designs for all new Corvairs. Its unfortunate that GM discontinued this car. It was in the vicinity of This caused the local population to dub them umgluckswagen. Corvairs that came with 5 lug wheels, as well as most RWD GM passenger cars including those Camaros and even their S10 truck range, had 5 on 4 lug spacing. All had four speed manual transmissions except the Custom. I used to race all over with this car and I mean race. Ralph Nader is a dick BUT, he did us poor folk a favor LOL!!!!!!!!!!! [2] A 1972 N.H.T.S.A. It would be interesting to calculate the polar moment of inertia. The sporty, more upscale Monza would become the most popular Corvair, with more than a third of the 1964 models being the 2-door sedan like the sellers car. To this day,the Perhaps the best answer would be no, it wasnt The early cars had some quirks but any real handling problems were caused by failing to have the correct tire pressures. Actually the Nader claims only applied to 1960 and 1961. If he only knows how to be an engineer, it doesnt matter how nice a plane it is, hell never get it off the ground. Bolt Custom Is Still the Go-To Crew for a Personalized 18-Wheeler Like None Other, The Summit Is a Custom Tiny House Thats Better and Fancier Than an RV, 5 Best Hot Wheels Treasure Hunt Cars From 2013, Unmitigated Disaster: How the LIRR Dropped the Ball Opening Grand Central Madison Station, Meet Elsie, a Gorgeous Off-Grid Tiny Home That Can Fit the Whole Family. First, it was the lightest car in its corporate lineup at around 2,500 pounds (1,134 kg). [11], In response to Nader's criticisms, GM attempted to sabotage Nader's reputation. Walked Away. There are many what were they thinking moments in the automotive industry, the most recent of which include the Dieselgate scandal and Takata debacle. They will never cease the need to be monitored. The 5 on 5 pattern was used on their ton full size trucks such as the C-10 pick-ups. The 143-page report reviewed NHTSA's extreme-condition handling tests, national crash-involvement data for the cars in the test as well as General Motors' internal documentation regarding the Corvair's handling. While Ralph Nader certainly made some valid points in his most popular book, the Corvair may not have been as bad as he claimed. The first chapter was so boring that many never read further in his book. In 1971, the U.S. Department of Transportation tested the original Corvair alongside competitive cars and determined that it was not especially dangerous. The subsequent 143-page report (PB 211-015, available from NTIS) reviewed a series of actual handling tests designed to evaluate the handling and stability under extreme conditions; a review of national accident data compiled by insurance companies and traffic authorities for the cars in the testand a review of related General Motors/Chevrolet internal letters, memos, tests, reports, etc. Understeer was so pronounced in such vehicles they would likely just plow ahead with minimal or slow change of direction if you tried this. Chevrolet also recommended sharply different air pressures for the front and rear tires (18 pounds per square in the front tires and 30 psi for the rear when the car was hot) at a time when consumers and gas stations alike used equal pressures front and rear. With more than 60 per cent of its weight over the back wheels, and swing-axle rear suspension, the Corvair laid a trap for the unwary: If you went into a corner too fast, the disproportionate mass of the rear end acted as a pendulum, rotating the car. Of the 1950s designs, Nader notes "bumpers shaped like sled-runners and sloping grille work above the bumpers, which give the effect of 'leaning into the wind', increase the car's potential for exerting down-and-under pressures on the pedestrian. WebUnsafe at Any Speed is primarily known for its critique of the Chevrolet Corvair, although only one of the book's eight chapters covers the Corvair. This further contaminated The demise of the Corvair speaks to the gullibility and naivete of the public. Supposed performance cars such as the Mustang did not get standard fully independent suspensions for another 50 years. Driven around corners in anger, the rear end of the Corvair could cut loose, causing the outside rear wheel to tuck under, and break the car into a spin. Like its VW Beetle competition, it was essential to have a significantly different tire pressure front to rear. The Olds F-85 Jetfire and the Chevy Corvair Monza Spyder were Americas first mass-produced turbocharged passenger cars, With technical and image problems quashed, turbos crept back. The shifter was on the dasboard. Each of the book's chapters covers a different aspect of automotive safety: The subject for which the book is probably most widely known, the rear-engined Chevrolet Corvair, is covered in Chapter 1"The Sporty CorvairThe One-Car Accident". Evaluation of the extensive data obtained from General Motors and from other sources, analysis of the NHTSA input-response vehicle test data, and recommendations from the Advisory Panel emlployed in this case indicate that: The 1960-1963 Corvair understeers in the same manner as conventional passenger cars up to about 0.4g lateral acceleration, makes a transition from understeer, through neutral steer, to oversteer in a range from about 0.4g to 0.5g lateral acceleration. Thanks for the laughs you anti Chevy guys LOL!!! Standard transmission models were not initially available. I guess it was in 72 or 73 I was driving down Pacific hwy in San Diego going north bound. Thanks Ralphie boy!!!!!!!!!!!!! Chapter 2 levels criticism on auto design elements such as instrument panels and dashboards that were often brightly finished with chrome and glossy enamels which could reflect sunlight or the headlights of oncoming motor vehicles into the driver's eyes. the air inside the vehicle when the heater was operating. Some of these issues could have been resolved by installing an anti-sway bar under the front end to add weight and balance. WebThere were major ethical issues involved. It was a great car for a frugal college student! However, even R&Ts first test -- in November, 1959 -- hinted at what would undo the Corvair. Pretty much any car would do that if driven that way. Nader was totally correct. Guess Nader missed that one. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. A crisis can take the form of anything from an allegation of sexual harassment against a top executive to evidence of discriminatory labor practices. Yes, its a shame. Even Ford Motor Company proved that 1960 Corvair rollover could only be accomplished by extremely intentional irradic driving with improper air pressure or by hitting a curb or running off the road while turning. In the ensuing decades, notable product liability cases have included litigation against Ford due to an exploding gas tank in its Pinto model and McDonalds because of a customer being burned by its hot coffee. Does it matter what year you bought? My father wanted me to take a 2 door Mustang but I didnt like the Mustang it was to small, I wanted a 4 door car.. Unsafe at Any Speed was a bestseller in nonfiction from April through July 1966. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). It also came with a four-speed manual gearbox instead of the more traditional manual used by Ford and Chrysler. It was offered for a while with a gasoline-burner heater located in the front "trunk," a common but dangerously dumb accessory at the time. Im not sure if the Corvair had power steering, or just handled better because there was less weight in the front. [10], The book has continuing relevance: it addressed what Nader perceived as the political lobbying of the car industry to oppose new safety features, which was later seen in the 1990s with mandatory airbags in the United States, and industry efforts by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) to delay the introduction of crash tests in the European Union. Helix. Corporate: 773.376.4400, | It was a best seller in non-fiction in 1966. The root cause of the issues with the 1960-1964 rear suspension was due to Chevrolet using the swing axle design that was also used by the Volkswagen Beetle. The reasoning is that companies should be able to anticipate the damage their products could cause. Body shapes and styles and ornamentation was dangerous to In my experience it was a good handling car. Low profile Firestone 13 radials on the front and even lower profile 14s on the back helped a lot. The rear engine promised a low center of gravity, light unassisted steering, superb traction and balanced braking all the same qualities that Porsche had been cultivating successfully for years. [18][19], In 2005, the book received an honorable mention by conservative publication Human Events for its "Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries", meaning two or more out of fifteen conservative thinkers voted for it.[20]. The limited accident data available indicates that the rollover rate of the 1960-1963 Corvair is comparable to other light domestic cars. Dec 19, 2019 at 7:34pm, | You can cancel at any time. The corvair was a car produced by General Motors, Chevrolet division, However, even the most carefully crafted and well-intentioned ethics programs are meaningless unless the company makes a sustained effort to integrate [], An ethics and compliance crisis can, and usually does, occur when an organization least expects it. People who know nothing about Corvairs, or air-cooled engines in general, will accuse it of problems, people who understand the cars and can drive them will come to the defense of the car, and on and on we go. With a sick feeling, I realized that I had set the stage for the kind of textbook crash that Nader had detailed in Chevrolet rectified these issues with the second-generation Corvair, but the damage was already done. What the book actually did is make the Corvair affordable to all that wanted one even to this day! The Corvair might be better known for its problems however. Nader was nuts! The driver did a quick left and then a quick right, resulting in the unlimited travel of the rear swing axles to tricyle in the rear with the weight of the rear engine causing it to flip to the left. Ford and Chrysler responded with shrunken front-engine, rear-drive sedans. these corvair(65-69) line went on to inspire (or was the father) the camaro(they have the same lines). But there was concern in Detroit. years. People actually believe that ALL CORVAIRS were included!!! According to Sowell, Nader also did not mention that motor vehicle death rates per 100 million passenger miles fell over the years from 17.9 in 1925 to 5.5 in 1965. ( Car & Driver, October 1964) Because of the political enthusiasm of one man, the innovative Corvair was shut down and a third generation was never produced. In particular, Nader targeted what he claimed was General Motors reluctance to modify the suspension system in the Chevrolet Corvair. I liked the Corvair's rear-engine design, and I had a young, hotshot driver's arrogance. Jun 26, 2019 at 3:44pm, | airbnb with pool in detroit, michigan; firefly axolotl for sale twitter; super bowl 2022 halftime show memes instagram; what happened to suzanne pleshette voice youtube Chrysler's entry into the small auto market was the Plymouth Valiant and Ford's was the Falcon. Chevrolet's Powerglide, as used on the Corvair, used a "R N D L" pattern, which separated the Reverse from the Drive gears by Neutral in the ideal way, but which had no "P" selection, only providing a parking brake. The industry here went back to producing bloated cars with monster v8s between the front axles, with flexible chassis, drum brakes and live rear axles. The Chevy Corvair brought forth new ideas and innovations, even offering turbochargers in later models, as well as the Greenbriar vans and pickups which saw an entirely new level of versatility. ", Economist Thomas Sowell contended that Nader was dismissive of the trade-off between safety and affordability. Technical Support:800.367.3245 The required tire pressures were unusual: 15 psi in front, 26 psi The rear engine placement in the Corvair caused a weight imbalance that resulted in poor handling. In the 1950s, North American cars were mostly road-hog huge and equipped with equally large petroleum-swallowing engines and acres of chrome. According to the standards of the Tire and Rim Association, these recommended pressures caused the front tires to be overloaded whenever there were two or more passengers in the car. The corvair was The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) had conducted a series of comparative tests in 1971 studying the handling of the 1963 Corvair and four contemporary cars, a Ford Falcon, Plymouth Valiant, Volkswagen Beetle, Renault Dauphinealong with a second generation Corvair with revised suspension design. Its author was Ralph Nader, a Washington lawyer and safety advocate who claimed that the Corvair's design made it prone to spinning, and that its steering wheel shaft could impale the driver in a crash, like a giant entomologist's pin. Interesting comments. WebThe problems were three-fold: rear suspension, tire pressures and weight distribution. And interestingly enough, the 1961-1963 Pontiac Tempest, which used a modified version of the Corvairs swing axle rear suspension (but with a front engine), bucked the trend and was the only GM car during that whole era to use 15 tires exclusively. That is a really uninformed and inaccurate article. Ive owned a number of Corvairs in the past. Just plain dumb actually. George Caramagna, a mechanic working on the suspension system, suggested installing a stabilizer (anti-roll or "anti-sway") bar, but was overruled by GM management. Those pesky imports with Volkswagen leading the charge were invading North America in ever-increasing numbers. That finding came from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 1972. The Corvairs flaw was its swing-axle rear suspension that caused the wheels to tuck inward during sharp turns, which provided some unintended thrills for its surprised pilots. Consequently, more than 100 lawsuits were filed against GM. Clearly, this car was taking direct aim at its VW nemesis by imitating that cars layout. But the hardcore car guys scoffed. Full profile. The whole issue was highly exaggerated and over-hyped, just like Naders book. But it was too late - the Corvair was fixed in the public's mind as an automotive El Diablo. Chevy pulled the plug in 1969 after selling nearly 1.8 million Corvairs. In fact, driving through the mountains was a blast almost as much fun as driving them in a Corvette. Or so I believed at the time. Chapter 3 documents the history of crash science focusing on the effect on the human body (the second collision) as it collides with the interior of the car as the car hits another object (the first collision). The price paid by the industry for its conservatism and crappy cars was huge market share loss to Japanese, Korean and European car makers. But in 1972 Americans were preoccupied with Nixon visiting China, Watergate, Vietnam and The Godfather movie. The Corvairs swing axle rear suspension suffered camber changes that could dramatically alter how the rear rubber met the road and destabilize the back of the car. One of the most common solutions employed by mechanics involved attaching brackets to the chassis of the Corvair. Had one interesting moment that I remember. Corvair in Action, The by Handy (Jam) Organization Publication date 1960 Usage Public Domain Topics Automobiles: Advertising Digitizing sponsor Chevrolet Division, General Motors Corporation Promotional film for the controversial Chevrolet Corvair. In competent drivers and ralph no nothing about cars. Chapter 6 explores the excessive ornamentation that appeared on cars, particularly in the late 1950s, and the dominance of car design over good engineering. Mar 11, 2020 at 2:51pm, | Webwatford town hall vaccination centre contact. The Corvair was a 1964, Blue, owned it since 1968. Spun out on ice a few times but did that just as often with front engine vehicles. The Chevrolet Corvair was an automotive litmus test. Intrigue & Controversy: The Chevrolet Corvair. The swing axle rear suspension of the pre 1965 models received a lot of criticism but other cars including VWs, Porsches and Mercedes had this type of suspension. This compared to an average expenditure in safety by the automotive companies of about twenty-three cents per car (equivalent to $1.98 in 2021). The Porsche 911 of the period was also rear engined with a flat aircooled six. Because it was difficult to tell by feel whether the lever was in Low or in Reverse, drivers intending to select Reverse would frequently fail to move the lever far enough and shoot forwards. He may have killed an entire generation of automotive innovation at GM. The board of directors plays a vital role in establishing the ethical tone at [], In a time where many corporations are struggling to maintain or restore stakeholder trust while also seeking ways to enhance their public image, a great deal of emphasis is being placed on organizational ethics. The engine design suffered from a bad choice of pushrod tube Seems like this is a question that will go around forever and ever. Naders book was a 143 pages long and only a handful of pages of pages dealt with the corvair in the first chapter. At no time, after the toolbox was added, did that car exhibit any handling issues. Liking it indicated that you belonged to the "car guy" elite, a group that prided itself on driving skill, mechanical knowledge and self-sufficiency. The Chevrolet Corvair had a tempestuous life fraught with long-lasting defects throughout its production years from 1960-May 1969. In particular, Nader targeted what he claimed was General Motors reluctance to modify the suspension system in the Chevrolet Corvair. But the car guys, including myself, had instinctively leapt to the Corvair's defence, assuming that Nader's criticisms were just another below-the-belt punch from an over-ambitious safety nanny with designs on the White House. Jan 25, 2019 at 9:50am, | All rights reserved. Rear engined cars do handle differently. necessary. For example, a company is often held morally responsible for mistreatment inflicted by its suppliers on their workforce, such as the case with Wal-Mart in China. A friend fell asleep while driving an early 4 door. Jun 27, 2019 at 1:01pm, | LOOK AT THE DAMN DATE IN THE BOOK stupid!! As a performance vehicle, many people enjoyed driving the Corvair at high speeds. All of this helped, but the damage was done. Evaluation of the 1960-1963 Corvair Handling and Stability. I had absolutely no problems with the handling in summer or winter even at high speed. Ive had a 64 for 40 years. Nader made an appeal to the auto industry to standardize gearshift patterns as a safety issue. [12][10] He won the case on appeal in January 1970 and was awarded $425,000, which he used to establish the Center for Auto Safety, a non-profit advocacy group. Naders view was that the cars original rear suspension was downright lethal.
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