why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. Apply for student finance without a bank account? England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. Manage Settings This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Born: 7 September 1533. The war was going badly for England. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Boston Spa, Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. - death of henry II. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? Europe. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. Best Answer. The invasion failed, however. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. - navy to firth of Forth. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Use your outline Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. It had to deal with Irish . To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. 2) This war was not a success. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. This increased tension between England and Spain. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Copy. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. . However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. Boston House, Boston Spa, This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4.

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