Place of Burial: Greenwood Memorial Cemetery, Grass Valley, Nevada, California, United States. Cross" Re-dedication 20042023 Georgia Humanities, University of Georgia Press. In June 1839, Major Ridge, his son John, and nephew Elias Boudinot, were assassinated by Cherokees of the Ross faction to remove them as political rivals and to intimidate the political establishment of the Old Settlers, which the Ridge faction had joined. Illustrated with colored portraits of famous Indian chieftains from the Indian gallery in the war department at Washington / by Thomas L. McKenny.We Shall Remain Trail of TearsMajor Ridge (Kah-nung-do-tla-geh) (ca. Title: Wanda Elliott, jwdre@intellex.com3. From History of the Indian Tribes of North America, by T. McKenney and J. [3] The Cherokee believed that a man's achievements as a warrior were a sign of his spiritual power and part of his leadership. Death: AFT 1857Charles R. [] Hicks: Birth: 1795.Elijah Hicks: Birth: 20 JUN 1796 in Chickamauga District, Cherokee Nation East, GA. Death: 06 AUG 1856 in Claremore, Rogers Cty., Cherokee Indian Territory, Oklahoma, Married (3): Nancy Elizabeth Ann Falicitas Broom on ABT 1797 at Cherokee Nation East, GA now, Children:Elizabeth Betsy Hicks: Birth: 20 JUN 1798. Immediate Family: Son of John Ridge and Sarah Bird Ridge. All identified as Cherokee; they were of mixed race and had some exposure to European-American culture. Purchasing enslaved Africans to work as field laborers enabled the Ridge family to enlarge their agricultural production to plantation status. Andrew Jackson gave him the name Major because he led a force of Cherokees in the Battle of the Horseshoe against the Creeks. Comfort Cemetery (pictures), John The FamilySearch Family Tree, by comparison, is a single tree or lineage for the entire human family. The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species. 11/03/2005 (includes Mayfield Cemetery), Jesse Falonah Plantation/Drew Cemetery/Refuge Other Indians called him Nung-Noh-Tah-Hee, meaning "He Who Slays The Enemy In His Path." Hand-colored lithograph of Major Ridge, a Cherokee leader who helped establish the Cherokee system of government. a Dui Sga, William Hicks, Elihu Hicks, Elizabeth Walls Hicks, Sarah Elizabeth Gosadulsga Hicks, Sarah "gosaduisga" Hicks, Eliza Jan 20 1827 - Fortville, Red Clay, Spring Place, Murray Co., Cherokee Nation East, Georgia, USA, Nathan Nathaniel L Hicks, Nayehi Conrad (Wolf Clan). Background Ridge was born into the Deer clan in the Cherokee town of Hiwassee along the Hiwassee River, an area later part of Tennessee. Among Ridge's killers was Bird Doublehead. He was elected Second Principal Chief under Pathkiller in 1817, but after the "revolt of the young chiefs" two years later, partly over land deals, Hicks became de facto head of government with Pathkiller serving as a mere figurehead. His Cherokee name, Kah-nung-da-tla-geh, means the man who walks on the mountaintop. Englishmen called him The Ridge. He was brought up as a traditional hunter and warrior, resisting white encroachment on Cherokee lands. As a result of U.S. president George Washingtons civilization policy for Native Americans, the government agent Benjamin Hawkins provided The Ridge with new farm implements and Susanna with a spinning wheel and loom, so that the young couple could learn white ways of working. References), Click here for the genealogy of the Husband of Susannah Catherine Ridge [1]. DEATH NOTICE 1827-03-14; Paper: Hallowell Gazette. Major Ridge's and John Ridge's portraits are in the Smithsonian Archives. He had gone to bed with Dropsical complaints and had never risen again. was the first editor of the first Indian newspaper in the been compiling on Major Ridge since 1998. 242-244. Wilkins, Thurman. The Ridge was among the minority of Cherokee who held enslaved people, fifteen at the time of the census. Charles Renatus Hicks (23 December 1767 - 20 January 1827, age 59) was one of the most important Cherokee leaders in the early 19th century and the first non fullblood to be chosen as Principal Chief of the tribe. The family made a final move to Pine Log (now Georgia) about 1785. M-208 Roll no. Title: Cherokee Indian Agency in TN Pass Book 1801 -1804 Microcopy No. In 1792, Ridge married Sehoya, also known as Suzannah Catherine Wickett, a mixed-blood Cherokee of the Wild Potato clan. For those who wish to delve into this history the following are recommended: Wilkins, Thurman, Cherokee Tragedy, the Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People; Dale, Edward & LItton, Gaston, eds. country, titled "Cherokee Phoenix." His war achievements added to his stature among the Cherokee. (http://echotacherokeetribe.homestead.com/Chiefs.html). Cherokee with the help of Samuel Worcester. Letter to the National Intelligencer, Washington, July 27, 1840, The Handbook of Texas Online - [19], Ridge and his son John are buried in Polson Cemetery in Delaware County, Oklahoma. The valuation of his property at the time of the removal west showed him to be the third richest man in the Cherokee Nation. Stand Watie served as Principal Chief (1862-1866) of the pro-Confederate Cherokee after Ross and many Union-supporters withdrew to another location. Major Ridge, John Ridge - Watie Family Tree Summary Back to Major Ridge Main Page Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot were all assassinated on June 22, 1839. General Stand Watie region 3008 4050 302 ID 3008 210 7159) along with John Ridge's. (Cherokee-Choctaw - more Thompsons), 1937 Interview with 85 On his way home he was forced to camp in the woods and had taken cold from the dampness. Original records: National Archives and Records Administration, Microfilm publication T496, Census Roll, 1835, of Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi with Index. Wilkins, Thurman Cherokee Tragedy, pp. The cycle of retaliatory violence within the Cherokee resulted in the deaths of all the other Watie family males of that generation. Death: AFT 1842Leonard Looney Hicks: Birth: 24 DEC 1803 in Red Clay, TN. His younger brother William Abraham Hicks served as interim Principal Chief, but John Ross, as President of the National Committee, and Major Ridge, as Speaker of the National Council, were the real power brokers in the Nation. Ridge Family (pictures) - [including Northrup/Northrop family], Where John Ridge attended school and was Ridge, and Elias Boudinot were all assassinated on June Sarah Ridge's WABE: This Day in History: Cherokee Land Ceded to Government in the Treaty of New Echota, PBS: American Experience: "We Shall Remain". Sarah's Indian name was "Sollee," pronounced "Sallie." escaped assassination on Samuel Worcester's horse ", 1842 Cherokee Claims, Flint District IT, Claim #33, To Elijah, Betsey, Sarah, Jesse, Leonard, and Nancy, the heirs and widow of Charles R. Hicks deed' Residence in the old Nation, Frkville, Chickamauga Creek, (Valuation at Forkville) (list of losses) $8806.50 Nancy Hicks, the widow of Charles R. Hicks, deceased, makes oath that the above described premises and improvements were the property of her late husband, that he resided there until his death which was in the year 1827, and after his death she still resided on the premises peaceably and unmolested until the spring of 1834. . 2003 SPUR AWARD WINNER, BEST ORIGINAL PAPERBACK Our prayer to the Saviour was, that he would grant us grace, to remain in close communion with him, and to live in reliance upon his merits, till our work here below be completed, and he call us from this vail of tears to his heavenly kingdom. Ridge attended as an observer when Tecumseh spoke to the Muscogee (Creek) living nearby. In important cases his advise was almost universally sought. Ridge, his family, and many other Cherokees emigrated to the West soon after the treaty. is south of the Mt. Buried: January 22, 1827 Spring Place Ga. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Jan 20 1827 - Springplace, Georgia, United States. The soldier, politician, and plantation owner is remembered for signing the Treaty of New Echota (1835), which ceded Cherokee lands to the U.S. government and authorized Cherokee removal. Cherokee Tragedy., MacMillan & Co., New York, New York, 1970, p. 21 Hoig, Stanley W. The Cherokees and Their Chiefs. (Doyen) Ridenour (direct line/pictures), Major Major Ridge, The Ridge (and sometimes Pathkiller II) (c. 1771 - 22 June 1839) (also known as Nunnehidihi, and later Ganundalegi) was a Cherokee leader, a member of the tribal council, and a lawmaker. Hicks had attended the council at New Echota the previous fall though badly ailing. No one knows the names of the other brothers or sister but one of the brothers may have been Soodohlee (Sudale). Fashion and politics from Georgia-born designer Frankie Welch, Take a virtual tour of Georgia's museums and galleries. Agent Return Jonathan Meigs, acted as treasurer for the Cherokee Nation, and fought against the Creek Red Sticks in the 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Major Ridge son John Ridge: John Ridge "Skah-tle-loh-skee" (1802 Rome, GA - 6/22/1839 Honey Creek, Cherokee Nation) married Sarah Bird Northrup/Northrop (12/7/1804 New Haven, CT - 3/31/1856 Fayetteville, AR) on 1/27/1824 (John buried at Polson Cemetery, OK, near Southwest City, MO. Andrew Jackson called him "Major" [9] The family appears on the 1835 Cherokee census, living on the Ustenali River (now Georgia). They told him that he must meet with Chief Pathkiller at a Cherokee council in Turkeytown.[12]. married at Cornwall, Sarah Bird Northrup Ridge Obituary/Mount By studying inherited species' characteristics and other historical evidence, we can reconstruct evolutionary relationships and represent them on a "family . Joined the Church of the United Brethren at Spring Place CNE, GA, and was baptised on Apr. The human family tree. of Oklahoma Press, Mormon and London2. In an 1826 letter to John Ross, Charles Hicks wrote about events in Cherokee history that occurred during his youth, including his encounters with Oconostota, Attacullaculla, and the early European trader Cornelius Dougherty. This webpage has genealogies of the Ridge, Watie, Boudinot, Paschal, Polson, Washbourne, Northrop/Northrup, and McNeir families. (Search ended - cemetery found 2/27/2005), Mt. Original at the Smithsonian, This is some information Confederate general. On his way home from Salem, Major Ridge stopped at Spring Place on January 22, 1827, and found the mission in mourning. (Begins with Dottie's 5th great grandparents), Sarah Ridge's brother John Ridge Elizabeth Paschal O'Connor The other two men used guns, knives, and a tomahawk to kill the old chief on August 9, 1807, at the Hiwassee Garrison in Tennessee). 1806 - 1807, "Cherokee Patron" of Gideon Blackburn's School, Note 2: Killaneka's daughter is "Related to" Charles Renatus Hicks and his niece Peggy Scott, Occupation: Bet. Major Ridge, on taking a last look at his friend, learned that he had died gently on January 20 as though he had mearly fallen asleep. He also joined Jackson in the First Seminole War in 1818, leading Cherokees against the Seminole Indians. knew the hearts of the people, but Ridge saw the future of the nation" Honey Creek, Ridge Partys His brother, Oo-wa-tie, "the ancient one", was the father of Stand Watie. September 7, 1814, having previously been confirmed in his baptismal covenant, he partook of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper for the first time. Elias's But, Georgia efforts to suppress the Cherokee government and the pressure of rapidly expanding European-American settlements caused him to change his mind. Edward Everett Dale and Gaston Litton, eds., Cherokee Cavaliers: Forty Years of Cherokee History as Told in the Correspondence of the Ridge-Watie-Boudinot Family (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995). The United Brethren's Missionary Intelligencer and Religious Miscellany - Biography of our late brother Charles Renatus Hicks, Second principal chief of the Cherokee nation, who departed this life, January 20th, 1827, at Fortville, in the Cherokee country. Major Ridge and Oo-wa-tie, or The Ancient, were full blood Cherokees of the Deer clan. (Charles and Susannah (Watie) Woodall), Elias Boudinot (born Kilakeena "Buck" Watie - Charles R. Hicks, longtime Second Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation and briefly Principal Chief himself in 1827 following the death of Pathkiller with John Ross as Second Principal Chief, before his own death just a few shorts weeks later brought that to an end. Suppressed Report In Relation To Difficulties Between The Major Ridge , also Pathkiller II (c.1771 - June 22, 1839) was a Cherokee Indian leader and protg, along with Charles R. Hicks, of the noted figure James Vann. Upload your individual tree. featured on one of them. George Washington Paschal They believed removal was inevitable and tried to protect Cherokee rights in the process. Ridges grandson John Rollin Ridge would be known as the first Native American novelist. Stand's About 1819, they moved near the Cherokee town of Chatuga (modern-day Rome) at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers, which forms the Coosa River. New Echota Tabor Indian Cemetery/George Harlan Starr Home I have added a new section on Texas Cherokees. Sa Dul Sga" Hicks, Meshack Hicks, William Abraham Hicks, Richard Fields Hicks, Unknown Hicks, Elizabeth Betsy Hicks, Mary Hicks, Ge Nathaniel (Nathan) Hicks Sr., Na-ye-hi "nancy" Hicks (born Conrad / Taylor), cks), Nathan Wolf Hicks, Sarah Elizabeth (Go-sa-du-i-s-ga) Brown (born Hicks), William Abraham Hicks, Principal Chief Of The Cherokee Nation, Nancy Elizabeth (Anna Felicitas) Hicks (born Broom), Ellis Hicks, Elijah Hicks, Elizabeth Field (born Hicks), Sarah Elizabeth Mccoy (born Hicks), Darlington, Darlington, South Carolina, United States, Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina, United States, Chickamauga District, Georgia, United States, Cherokee () Principal Chiefs and Uka: Eastern, Western and Keetoowah, Charles Renatus Principal Chief of the Cherokee Hicks, Charles Renatus (Christian For Renewed) Hicks. "Comet" after someone found Elias 134. Death: AFT 1842Edward Hicks: Birth: 16 OCT 1805 in Red Clay, TN. The gospel truths, as they were taught there, chiefly by Brother Gambold and his late wife, whom he always valued as his spiritual parents, and the instruments in the hands of God for his conversion, found entrance into his heart, and in him confirmed the truth that they are the power of God unto salvation, to everyone that believeth. Surrendered at Paschal Ridge acquired the title "Major" in 1814, during his service leading the Cherokee alongside the United States General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend during the Creek War against the Red Sticks. Major Ridge led Cherokee in a military alliance with Andrew Jackson against the Creek and British during the War of 1812. She and her brother Gunrod were children of a Swiss national named Jacob Conrad and a native wife. Major Ridge (aka:Pathkiller II, Nunnehidihi, or Ganundalegi) was a Cherokee warrior/leader, allied to General Andrew Jackson in the Creek and Seminole Wars. Elected Second Principal Chief under Pathkiller in 1811, a political dispute two years later left Hicks as de facto top chief with Pathkiller serving as a mere figurehead. Texas Cherokees. Ridge long opposed U.S. government proposals for the Cherokees to sell their lands and remove to the West. This configuration is also suported by Miller application #7991 for Jennie Hicks nee Wilson who claims through her grand-parents George and Lucy Hicks, her g-gmother Lydia Chisholm [nee Halfbreed], and her great uncles and aunts; Ruth Beck, Anna French, Eli, William, Carrington, Charles and John Hicks; all known children of William Hicks. Her christened name was Susannah "Susie" Catherine Wickett (circa 1775 (82) - 8/1849). Elias Boudinot was [10] The family (including enslaved people) was Removed to Indian Territory in 1837, travelling by boat in the detachment of Dr. John Young. Title: http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/h/i/c/James-R-Hicks/BOOKPage: Part two8. W. W. Harnage 375], Complete Genealogy of Major Ridge The Ridge family and others voluntarily moved west, but Principal Chief Ross and opponents of the treaty fought its implementation. 1817 - 1827, Assistant Principal Chief, under Pathkiller, Residence: October 1826, Chickamauga District, GA, Signer: February 27, 1819, Treaty of Washington. In the year 1817, he was chosen second principal chief, and conducted the most important affairs of the nation with great fidelity and perserverance, assisted by the first principal chief, Pathkiller, who, thirteen days before him was also removed by death. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Nevertheless, the treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate. New York Advocate - Elias Boudinot I have added a new section on At this time the missionaries conferred upon him the name of Renatus (Renewed): Charles Renatus Hicks. (illegible). great grandmother - in Park Hill, OK. ", Sarah Ridge - born circa April 1814, near present Rome, Georgia. Watie, Boudinot, Paschal, and McNeir, 1900 Galveston Storm described by Paschal McNeir The next year Ross negotiated changes with the US government, but essentially Cherokee removal was confirmed. (Published November 2002/Purchase at Major Ridge Tahchee (1771 - 1839) Photos: 0 Records: 0 Born on 1771 to Tahchee Moytoy Carpenter and Elisi Ailsey Red Paint Clan. A protg of the former warrior and Upper Towns chief James Vann, Hicks was one of the most influential leaders in the Nation during the period after the Chickamauga Wars to just past the first quarter of the 19th century. The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. and the said Hicks & his party are recommended to the friendly offices of the Indians or others with whom they man meet on their route. He was rebuffed by most of the Cherokee chiefs at a council in Mississippi. brother of Stand Watie), Elias Boudinot: Thoughts on He was baptized by Moravian missionaries as Charles Renatus ("Born Again") Hicks on April 8, 1813. https://americanindian.si.edu/static/nationtonation/pdf/Treaty-of-N https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q29K-PS1B, Birth of Nung-noh-hut-tar-bee Major Ridge Ridge, Death of Nung-noh-hut-tar-bee Major Ridge Ridge, Burial of Nung-noh-hut-tar-bee Major Ridge Ridge, "Pathkiller ll", "given name: Ca-Nun-Tah-Cla-Kee (The Man Who Walks on the Mountain Top)", "Until the end of the Chickamauga wars", "he was known as Nung-Noh-Tah-Hee", "meaning "He Who Slays The Enemy In His Path"", "The Ridge", "Major Ridge", "Gah-nuh-dah-thla-gi", The Ridge, Major Ridge, Gah-nuh-dah-thla-gi, Nancy Ridge - born circa 1801 Calhoun, GA - died circa 9/1818 - married William Ritchey or William Ritchie circa 1817. "Stand Watie," Oklahoma Civil War Sesquicentennial. because of a battle that Major Ridge fought in. Susie Wickett was a half blood English Cherokee and Susannah Reese was a half blood Welch-Cherokee. Father of Elsie Hicks; Catherine Hicks; Nancy Na-Ni Hicks; Nathan Wolf Hicks; Charles Renatus Hicks, Jr. and 9 others; Ellis Hicks; Elijah Hicks; Elizabeth "Betsy" Fields; Sarah Elizabeth McCoy; Jesse Hicks; Leonard Looney Hicks; Edward Hicks; Reverend John Hicks and Alcie / Elsie Horn less 1797, daughter of CHIEF BROOM and A-TSO-S-TA. New Georgia Encyclopedia, last modified Jan 31, 2017. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/major-ridge-ca-1771-1839/, Taylor-Colbert, A. Gary E. Moulton, John Ross, Cherokee Chief (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1978). Essex Register 1824, Major Ridge and John Ridge letter to the [12]. Death: ABT 18 OCT 1842 in Kellytown, Lydia Cty., SCNathan Wolf Hicks: Birth: 1794. Major Ridge married Sehoyah (Susannah Catherine Wickett), daughter of Ar-tah-ku-ni-sti-sky ("Wickett") and Kate Parris, about 1800. Thirty years ago he served in the capacity of an interpreter in the negotiation carried on between the Cherokees and the United States' government. The time is approaching when our mortal bodies shall be fashioned like unto his glorious body, &c." After this our late Brother grew weaker, till he gently fell asleep, January 20th, at 2 o'clock in the morning, in the 60th year of his age. All requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource must be submitted to the rights holder. marble historical marker and grave are in the Polson signers of the Treaty of New Echota 1835 Ridge had no formal education and could neither read nor write. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Advised by his son John Ridge, Major Ridge came to believe the best way to preserve the Cherokee Nation was to get good terms from the U.S. government and preserve their rights in Indian Territory. Death: August 17, 1890 (55) Berkeley, California, United States. Asbury Cemetery Major Ridge's portrait is in the archives at the Smithsonian (Museum of American History-Major Ridge geo. Because William did not impress the Cherokee as a leader, they elected Ross as permanent principal chief in October 1828, a position that he held until his death. Father of John Randolph Ridge; Nancy Northrup Frick; Darsie Ridgegauntlet Ridge; Jessica Bird . email me: Ridge, his family, and many other Cherokee emigrated to the West in March 1837. Being an upright man, possessed of a good understanding, and well acquainted with the English language, he was early employed in transacting national concerns. He developed a plantation, owned 30 African-American slaves as laborers, and became a wealthy planter. Title: The Trail of Tears by Robert Lindneux12. His Cherokee name, Kah-nung-da-tla-geh, means "the man who walks on the mountaintop." . Later, Major Ridge led the Cherokee in alliances with General Andrew Jackson and the United States in the Creek and Seminole wars of the early 19th century. June 26, 2004, Letter by John Adair Bell and Stand Watie to the Arkansas Gazette on the "Major Ridge." [2], The Ridge was a prominent figure in Cherokee politics. Ridge was a Major of the Cherokee allies of the United States soldiers in the war of 1814. Ridge was born about 1772 into the Deer clan of his mother, Oganotota (O-go-nuh-to-tua), a Scots-Cherokee woman, in the Cherokee town of Great Hiwassee, along the Hiwassee River (an area later part of Tennessee). 5, pp. Brother of Oowatie (Oo-Watie) David Watie, Not the son of Tarchee "Dutch" The Long Warrior Telico Bird Clan, Kah-nung-da-tla-geh, "the man who walks the mountain top", was known as "The Ridge" and later Major Ridge, for his participation in the Creek War 1813-1814. [illegible]. Smith Point, Texas, East Brainerd Mission, East Brainerd, Tennessee, Congressman John Bell's [includes Worcester Cemetery and Ross Cemetery], Sarah (Ridge) Paschal Pix (circa 1854, age 40) Before this. As Georgians began to move illegally into the Cherokees houses, businesses, and plantations, often by force, Ridge became convinced that either warfare or negotiation with the U.S. government must proceed. Many years he filled the office of Secretary in the nation. Title: "Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People", by Thurman Wilkins, 1/20/1927 Univ. Watie's desk, PBS Special on Major Ridge - In all deliberations he investigated the subject thoroughly, was not hasty in his conclusions, and generally gave a correct decision. ParentsFather:Nathan Hicks: Birth: 06 NOV 1743 in Albermarie Parrish, Sussex, VA. Death: ABT 1829 in Cherokee Nation East, GA.Mother:Nancy Na-Ye-Hi Elizabeth Broom: Birth: ABT 1743 in Overhill, Cherokee Nation East, GA.. Death: AFT 1780 in Cherokee Nation East, GA. FamilyMarried (1): Sister of James Vann on ABT 1781. Until the end of the Chickamauga wars, he was known as Nung-Noh-Tah-Hee, meaning "He Who Slays The Enemy In His Path" or Pathkiller (not the same as the chief). National Holiday 8/30/02 - 9/2/02, Cherokee Warrior From his early years, Ridge was taught patience and self-denial, and to endure fatigue. A member of the Cherokee Triumvirate at the beginning of the 19th century, along with James Vann and Major Ridge. Portrait by Charles Bird King in Washington After the CherokeeAmerican wars, the Ridges lived in the Cherokee town of Oothcaloga. At the same time he did not forbear, as opportunities offered, to bear his own testimony concerning the atonement, and to direct his brethren to the Savior for the remission of their sins, and his testimony has not been without effect. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Since his conversion he was deeply concerned for the salvation of his countrymen, and earnestly prayed for them at the throne of grace. by Anastasia Ellis, Ridge-Watie-Boudinot Pictures Another of his killers was James Foreman, Bird's half-brother. Title: http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/h/i/c/James-R-Hicks/BOOKPage: Part three9. (An Indian community south of Kilgore, Texas (Rusk County), where the families of the His wish was granted, April the 8th of the following year, when said Brother had the gratification to administer to him this sacred ordinance. The couple had several children, including John Ridge. The original house was a two-story, dogtrot-style log house. We Shall They were the last of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast to make the journey that became known as the "Trail of Tears," during which nearly 4,000 Cherokee died.
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